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The Resource Management Act (RMA) passed in 1991 in New Zealand is a significant, and at times, controversial Act of Parliament. The RMA promotes the sustainable management of natural and physical resources such as land, air and water. New Zealand's Ministry for the Environment describes the RMA as New Zealand's principal legislation for environmental management. As the RMA and the decisions made under it by district and regional councils and in courts affect both individuals and businesses in large numbers, and often in very tangible ways, the RMA has variously been attacked for being ineffective in managing adverse environmental effects, or overly time-consuming and expensive and concerned with bureaucratic restrictions on legitimate economic activities. == Significance == The adoption of the RMA was significant for three reasons. Firstly, the RMA established one integrated framework that replaced the many previous resource-use regimes, which had been fragmented between agencies and sectors, such as land use, forestry, pollution, traffic, zoning, water and air.〔Fisher, D. E. (1991), 'The resource management legislation of 1991: A judicial analysis of its objectives', in Resource Management, Brooker and Friend Ltd, Wellington, Vol. 1A, Intro 1–30. p 2, 2nd paragraph.〕 Secondly, the RMA was the first statutory planning regime to incorporate the principle of sustainability.〔Smith, G. (1997). ('The Resource Management Act 1991 – "A biophysical bottom line" vs "a more liberal regime"; a dichotomy?' ) Canterbury Law Review 6: 499–538, p 501.〕 Thirdly, the RMA incorporated 'sustainable management', as an explicitly stated purpose placed at the heart of the regulatory framework〔Harris, B. V. (1993) ('Sustainable management as an express purpose of environmental legislation: the New Zealand attempt' ) – 'Otago Law Review' 8: 51–76.〕 and this purpose is to direct all other policies, standards, plans and decision-making under the RMA.〔Fisher, D. E. (1991), 'The resource management legislation of 1991: A judicial analysis of its objectives', p 11, 2nd paragraph.〕 Having the purpose of the RMA at the apex of an unambiguous legislative hierarchy was a unique concept worldwide at the time of the law's inception.〔Fisher, D. E. (1991), 'The resource management legislation of 1991: A judicial analysis of its objectives', p 11, first paragraph.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Resource Management Act 1991」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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